Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise

Turkish Journal of Sports and Exercise continues its publication life as a peer-reviewed scientific journal that has been published since 1999 in order to bring together the researches carried out in the field of Sports Sciences with the scientific world and is scanned in reputable National and International indexes.

It has adopted the main goal of contributing to the development of global sports sciences literature in general by sharing original scientific articles, reviews, case reports, letters to the editor and similar studies prepared in line with current developments in the field of Sports Sciences with the target audience.

Turkish Journal of Sports and Exercise is a peer-reviewed journal published three times a year (April, August, December) since 1999. The language of the journal is English and Turkish abstracts are requested from the authors.

Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise; Physical Education and Sport, Movement and Training Sciences, Biomechanics and Kinesiology, Sport Education, Sport Health Sciences, Nutrition in Sport, Exercise Physiology, Sport Anatomy, Exercise and Sport Psychology, Sport Sociology, Sport Philosophy, Sport Information Technology, Sport Management Sciences, Sport Management, Sport Marketing, Organization in Sport, Recreation, Recreation Leadership, Sport Tourism.

Publication Rules:
Original articles, editorials and reviews in the field of physical education and sport are published.

The journal is published every 4 months, 3 times a year. Studies submitted for publication should not have been published in any journal before. It should not be sent to another journal for publication during the evaluation process. This is the sole responsibility of the authors. If it has been presented in a congress before, the congress in which it was presented, date and place should be indicated on the title page as a footnote.

In order for the studies submitted to the journal to be published, they must be approved by the editorial board. Corrections deemed necessary in terms of meaning and spelling can be made by the editor. Referee opinions are taken before the publication of the work submitted to the journal. In order for the studies to be published in the journal, they must be accepted by the referees and approved by the editors in terms of scientific content and form.

Studies that are not prepared according to the journal's spelling rules are not evaluated and this situation is notified to the authors.

Along with the manuscript submitted for publication, the publication rights notification form must be signed by all authors in the order of their names and sent to the journal.

The study will be prepared in Microsoft Word programme and sent to the editor from the official web page of the journal.

The studies whose publication process is completed are published based on the date of arrival. However, this order may not be applied for some prioritised studies in order to keep them up to date. The editors are fully authorised to decide on this, no objection or justification can be asked.

The scientific ethical and legal responsibility of the published studies belongs to the author(s).

In studies requiring ethics committee permission, information about the permission (name of the committee, date and number) should be included on the first page of the article; in case reports, information about the signature of the informed consent form should be included in the article.

Submitted and pre-checked manuscripts are scanned for plagiarism using Turnitin and Ithenticate software. Acceptable similarity rate is determined as 20% in our journal and the manuscripts exceeding the relevant rate are returned to the author.

Spelling Rules:
The text of the study should be double-spaced with 2.5 cm margins on the right and left sides of each page. The first lines of the paragraphs should start 1.25 cm inside. The entire study should be written in Times New Roman font in 12 pt and should not exceed 16 pages.

The Title Page should be prepared as a separate page: Title of the study (bold and left justified), author(s) name(s), author(s) information (institution, department, city, country). In addition, the postal address, e-mail address, telephone and fax number of the author responsible for correspondence should be clearly indicated in this section. If the study is abstracted from a master's or doctoral thesis and presented at the congress, it should be written as a footnote.

Text of the study:
Title of the study, Abstract, Keywords (Turkish abstract and keywords), Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Acknowledgements (if necessary), References. All titles should be left justified and the first letters of the words should be capitalised.

The title of the study should be written left justified and bold with only the first letters of the words capitalised. Abstract; it should consist of at least 200 and at most 300 words. Keywords; the phrase ‘keywords’ should be written left justified and bold. 3-5 keywords should be included.

Figures, graphs, photographs, etc. should be labelled as ‘Figure’ and numerical values should be labelled as ‘Table’. Figure names should be written under the relevant graphic and table names should be written above the relevant numerical value.

In the References section, the references should be arranged and numbered alphabetically according to the surnames of the authors. The number of the source used in the references made in the text should be indicated in parentheses ‘( .... It has been reported that there is an increase in isokinetic muscle strength (5, 9). This situation ....)’. However, if it is necessary to specify the reference to the sources used in the study separately in the text, it should be expressed as ‘Ergun (8) athletes ......’ in single-author studies, ‘Ostojic and Mazic (11) the effect of exercise...’ in studies with 2 authors, and ‘Casa et al. (7) the effect of fatigue ......’ if the number of authors is more than 2. All references should be mentioned in the References section.

References:
Articles should be prepared according to the Vancouver Citation System.

In case article;
Casa DJ, Armstrong LE, Hillman SK, Montain SJ, Reiff RV, Rich BSE, Roberts WO, Stone JA. National athletic trainers’ association position statement: fluid replacement for athletes. Journal of Athletic Training, 2000; 35(2): 212-224.

In case journal written by institution;
American College of Sports Medicine. Joint position stand: Nutrition and athletic performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2000; 32(12): 2130-2145.

In case book;
Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc, 1988: 274-275.

In case chapter of book;
Bangsbo J. Physiology of Training. In: Science and Soccer, Relly, T and Williams, AM, eds. New York: Roudledge, 2003.

Publication Ethics Principles
Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise adheres to national and international standards in research and publication ethics. It complies with the Press Law, the Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works and the Directive on Scientific Research and Publication Ethics of Higher Education Institutions. Turkish Sport and Exercise has adopted the International Ethical Publishing Principles published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA) and International Council of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE).
• Press Law (National Legislation)
• Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works (National Legislation)
• Higher Education Institutions Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Directive (National Legislation)
• Transparency and Best Practice Principles in Academic Publishing (International Criteria)

Ethics Committee Permission
For research in all disciplines that require ethics committee approval, an ethics committee decision must be obtained and information regarding the decision must be stated in the manuscript text. Our journal does not evaluate studies that do not have an ethics committee decision.
In studies requiring ethics committee authorisation, information about the authorisation (name of the committee, date and number) should be included in the text of the article. In case reports, information about the signature of the informed consent form should be included in the article.

In line with the decisions taken by Ulakbim TR Index, Ethics Committee Permission is required for studies to be published since 2020.

Research Requiring Ethics Committee Authorisation
All kinds of research conducted with qualitative or quantitative approaches that require data collection from participants using survey, interview, focus group study, observation, experiment, interview techniques,
Use of humans and animals (including materials/data) for experimental or other scientific purposes,
Clinical trials on humans,
Research on animals,
Retrospective studies in accordance with the law on the protection of personal data.

Also;
Stating that copyright regulations are complied with for the intellectual and artistic works used
Obtaining and indicating permission from the owners for the use of scales, questionnaires, photographs belonging to others,
In case presentations, it must be stated that the ‘Informed Consent Form’ has been obtained.

Protection of Human, Animal and Environmental Rights
• All research on humans should be conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (World Medical Association (WMA) Helsinki Declaration for Medical Research in Human Subject).
• Informed consent form must be obtained for clinical research on humans or samples obtained from humans and must be indicated on the first page of the article. For research conducted with human volunteers, a written informed consent form prepared in accordance with the research protocol must be obtained. The consent of the legal guardian of children and those under guardianship or those with a recognised mental illness must be obtained.
• Confidentiality of information provided by research participants and confidentiality of respondents must be ensured. The research must be designed to protect the autonomy and dignity of the participants. The research must be planned in a way that does not put participants at risk.
• All experiments involving animals must comply with ARRIVE and ICLAS guidelines and be approved by the ethics committee.
• Authors should provide information on the ethical treatment of animals as well as measures taken to prevent pain and suffering.
• Studies involving plants must comply with the IUCN Policy Statement on Research Involving Endangered Species and the Convention on Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.
• Experimental research and field work on plants and the collection of plant material must comply with relevant institutional, national and international norms and legislation.
• A statement indicating the permissions and/or licences required for the extraction of plant or seed samples should be included in the articles.

Protection of Personal Data
All personal data sent to our journal are protected within the scope of the Personal Data Protection Law. Data belonging to authors, referees and other real persons are not shared with third parties and institutions.

Republication and submission of the same work to more than one journal
Submission of identical or substantially similar articles by authors to more than one journal is considered an ethical violation by our journal. When this situation is detected by our journal, the article will be returned to the author and the author's articles will be embargoed for a period to be determined by the editor.

Plagiarism Action Plan and Journal's Measures
Our journal scans all submitted articles for plagiarism. The plagiarism status of the papers submitted to the journal is examined using Turnitin or Ithenticate software. The similarity rate is expected to be less than 20%. Manuscripts exceeding this rate are rejected without being included in the refereeing process. If necessary, the editors may subject the article to plagiarism check at various stages of the evaluation process.

The journal attaches great importance to intellectual property rights and aims to support and protect the original work of authors. Plagiarism is considered an act contrary to research ethics and innovation standards. Therefore, all authors submitting manuscripts to the journal are expected to fully comply with the code of ethics and refrain from any act of plagiarism.

When plagiarism is suspected in an article, it is first reviewed by the editors of our journal. As a result of the review, our journal contacts the author and requests an explanation within two weeks. If no response is received within the specified period, the journal contacts the university to which the author is affiliated and requests an official investigation.
In cases where plagiarism is detected, our journal follows the following steps:
Notify the university to which the author is affiliated and cooperate to initiate official action.
The PDF copy of the relevant article is removed from the journal's website and links to the article are deactivated. In addition, the phrase “Plagiarized Article” is added to the article title.
The account of the author responsible for the violation will be closed and the author will be prevented from making any submissions to the journal for 3 years.

Correction, Retraction, Expression of Concern
If minor errors are detected in published articles that do not change the findings, interpretations and conclusions, editors may issue a correction. Editors may consider retracting the manuscript if errors/omissions are found that are major enough to change the findings and conclusions. Editors should consider issuing a statement of concern if there is evidence of research or publication misconduct by the authors; if there is evidence that the findings are unreliable and that the authors' institutions have not investigated the incident; or if the potential investigation appears unfair or inconclusive. Correction, withdrawal or expression of concern will follow COPE guidelines.

Conflicts of Interest
1. Authors should declare any (institutional, financial, personal and academic) conflict of interest at the time of submission.
2. Referees should inform the journal editor and withdraw from the article process in case of any (institutional, financial, personal and academic) conflict of interest that prevents them from evaluating the article.
3. In order to prevent conflicts of interest in the article evaluation process, our journal pays attention to the fact that referees and authors do not work in the same institution.
4. In order to prevent conflicts of interest in the evaluation process of the articles sent to our journal by our board members (Editor, Editorial board member, etc.), the roles of the authors in our journal are suspended until the process of the relevant article is completed and they are not allowed to see the process.
5. The editors of our journal do not take part in decisions regarding articles written by themselves or their family members.

Ethical Violation Notifications
Readers can send an e-mail to turkjse@gmail.com when they notice any error, inaccuracy, plagiarism, misconduct or duplicate article-like situation regarding the published articles.
The editors of our journal carefully review the notifications made and take the necessary actions within the scope of COPE principles. Click here to access the relevant COPE guidelines.

Complaints and Objections to our journal
You can send your complaints and objections about the content, procedures or policies that are under the responsibility of our journal or the board members in our journal boards by e-mail to turkjse@gmail.com.
Complaints and objections submitted to our journal are carefully reviewed and evaluated within the scope of COPE principles. Click here to access the relevant COPE principle.

Other Actions Contrary to Scientific Research and Publication Ethics

Higher Education Institutions Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Directive (Click here to access the Directive)

Article 4 - (1) Acts against scientific research and publication ethics are as follows:
a) Plagiarism: Presenting the original ideas, methods, data or works of others as one's own work in whole or in part without citation in accordance with scientific rules,
b) Forgery: Using non-existent or falsified data in scientific research,
c) Distortion: Falsifying research records or data obtained, showing devices or materials not used in the research as if they were used, falsifying or shaping the results of the research in line with the interests of the persons and organisations receiving support,
ç) Repeat publication: Presenting duplicate publications as separate publications in academic appointments and promotions,
d) Slicing: Dividing the results of a research into parts in a way that disrupts the integrity of the research and inappropriately and publishing them in more than one number and presenting these publications as separate publications in academic appointments and promotions,
e) Unfair authorship: Including people who have not made active contributions among the authors or not including people who have made active contributions, changing the order of authors in an unjustified and inappropriate manner, removing the names of those who have made active contributions from the work in subsequent editions, using his/her influence to have his/her name included among the authors even though he/she has not made active contributions,

(2) Other types of ethical violations are as follows:
a) Failing to indicate the persons, institutions or organisations providing support and their contributions in the publications made as a result of the researches carried out with support,
b) Using theses or studies that have not yet been submitted or defended and accepted as a source without the permission of the owner,
c) Failure to comply with ethical rules in research on humans and animals, and failure to respect patient rights in publications,
ç) Violating the provisions of the relevant legislation in human biomedical research and other clinical trials,
d) Sharing the information contained in a work that he/she has been assigned to examine with others before publication without the express permission of the author,
e) misuse the resources, spaces, facilities and devices provided or allocated for scientific research,
f) Making baseless, unwarranted and deliberate allegations of ethical violations,
g) Publishing data obtained in surveys and attitude surveys conducted within the scope of a scientific study without obtaining the explicit consent of the participants or, if the research is to be conducted in an institution, without obtaining the permission of the institution,
h) To harm animal health and ecological balance in research and experiments,
ı) Failure to obtain the necessary permissions from the authorised units in writing before starting the research and experiments.
i) To carry out research and experiments in violation of the provisions of the legislation or international conventions to which Turkey is a party regarding the relevant research and experiments.
j) Failure by researchers and authorities to comply with the obligation to inform and warn those concerned about possible harmful practices in relation to the scientific research conducted,
k) Not using the data and information obtained from other persons and institutions in scientific studies to the extent and in the manner permitted, not respecting the confidentiality of this information and not ensuring its protection,
l) Making false or misleading statements regarding scientific research and publications in academic appointments and promotions,

Responsibilities of Stakeholders

1-Publisher's Responsibilities
Honesty and Impartiality
• Articles submitted for publication should be evaluated according to academic and scientific criteria. To ensure that the article evaluation process is carried out regardless of the differences of the authors (gender, religion, race, political thought, etc.).
Confidentiality
• To ensure that all personal data sent to the journal are protected and not shared with third parties and institutions.
Editorial Structure
• Appointment of editors and editorial board members and ensuring that their information is shared transparently on the website.
Independence of Editors
• All decisions made by the editors working in the journal are independent from the publisher. The relationship between editors and publishers is based on the principle of editorial independence.
Ensuring Ethical Principles
• To ensure that the peer review processes are transparent and fair.
• To take necessary measures to prevent conflict of interest and ethical violations.
Management of Publication Processes
• To supervise article evaluation and refereeing processes.
• To ensure that the published issues are prepared correctly in terms of format and content.
Responsibilities Regarding Published Articles
• To protect the copyright and other rights of published articles on behalf of the journal and authors, to keep a record of each unpublished article.

2-Responsibilities of Editors
Management of the Publication Process
• To check whether the submitted articles are suitable for the purpose and scope of the journal.
• Ensuring that articles are directed to appropriate referees and supervising the refereeing process.
Referee Evaluation Process
• To ensure that peer review processes are carried out in a transparent, fair and objective manner.
• Preventing conflicts of interest and controlling ethical violations.
Protection of Ethical Principles
• Identifying and resolving ethical issues.
• Reviewing papers or using software to prevent ethical violations such as plagiarism and scientific fraud.
Ensuring Scientific Quality
• To work to improve the scientific quality of the content published by the journal.
• To ensure that language and grammar corrections are made in the articles.
Editorial Team Management
• Organising the team members working in the journal boards.
• To plan the division of labour and distribution of tasks in editorial processes.
Communication and Transparency
• Communicate effectively with authors, reviewers and editorial board members.
• Ensure that policies regarding the refereeing process and other editorial processes are clearly stated on the website.
NOTE: While fulfilling these duties, editors observe the principles of impartiality, transparency and scientific ethics.

3-Responsibilities of Authors
Presenting Original Research
• To ensure that the research presented in the manuscript is original and makes a scientific contribution.
• To work in accordance with ethical rules by avoiding plagiarism, data manipulation or falsification.
Compliance with Ethical Rules
• To comply with ethical principles while conducting and presenting the research.
• Obtaining the necessary ethics committee approval for studies involving human or animal subjects and stating this information in the article.
• Declare that there is no conflict of interest and clearly state the sources of funding, if any.
Accurate and Transparent Data Presentation
• To report research findings in a complete, accurate and transparent manner.
• Providing detailed information to ensure the reproducibility of the methods, analyses and results used.
Compliance with Writing Rules
• To prepare articles in accordance with the journal's writing rules and technical requirements.
• To present content appropriate to the scope and subject area targeted by the journal.
Following the Article Process
• To make revisions if necessary, taking into account the suggestions of the referee and editor.
• To make the necessary arrangements on time by complying with the time specified in the evaluation process.
Determining the Correct Author List
• To limit the list of authors to those who actually contributed to the study.
• To determine the author ranking in accordance with the contribution rates to the study.
• Correctly identify the corresponding author and keep their contact details up to date.
Declaring Conflict of Interest
• Clearly state any potential conflicts of interest in the research or publication process.
• To declare if the article has been financially supported.
Referencing Published Work
• To cite the correct sources for all information and findings used in the study.
• Referring to previous studies with relevant and correct citations in the bibliography section.
Avoiding Repeated Publication
• Not submitting the same article to more than one journal.
• Not copying and re-presenting a previously published work.
Co-operation When Correction is Required Afterwards
• If a significant error or omission is noticed in the study after publication, to notify the editor immediately and to publish a correction if necessary.

4-Responsibilities of Referees
Scientific Evaluation
• To evaluate the scientific value, originality and contribution of the articles in the field.
• To analyse the purpose, methods, results and discussion of the study in detail.
• To check the accuracy and reliability of the hypotheses, findings and conclusions in the article.
Ethical Control
• To detect ethical violations such as plagiarism, data manipulation, conflicts of interest in articles.
• To evaluate whether the research is conducted in accordance with ethical rules.
Commitment to the Refereeing Process
• To maintain confidentiality with submitted articles.
• To evaluate the studies in his/her field in an impartial and objective manner.
• To complete the evaluation within the specified period.
Feedback to Improve Article Quality
• Providing constructive and detailed feedback on the content of the manuscript.
• If necessary, to make suggestions for presenting the study in a more understandable and scientific format.
Being Objective and Impartial
• To avoid personal opinions and prejudices in the evaluation process.
• Declare that there is no conflict of interest or connection with the author(s)
Compliance with the Principles of the Referee System
• To act in accordance with the refereeing system determined by the journal.
• Adhering to the journal's policy regarding the refereeing process.

JOURNAL PUBLICATION POLICIES

General Principles
• Submitted manuscripts must be appropriate to the purpose and scope of the journal and must comply with the rules on the journal website.
• Manuscripts submitted for publication should not have been previously published, accepted for publication elsewhere or under evaluation.
• Our journal accepts manuscripts in English.
• Original articles, editorials and reviews are published in our journal.
• For research in all disciplines that require ethics committee approval, an ethics committee decision must be obtained and information regarding the decision must be stated in the text of the article. Our journal does not evaluate studies that do not have an ethics committee decision.

Article Evaluation Process
• The referee processes of the articles submitted to our journal are carried out within the scope of double blind refereeing.
• Submitted manuscripts are reviewed by the editor for compliance with the journal's editorial principles, academic writing rules and the Vancouver Citation System, and are scanned for plagiarism using Turnitin or Ithenticate software. The similarity rate is expected to be less than 20%. Manuscripts exceeding this rate are rejected without being included in the refereeing process.
• After the Preliminary Review and Plagiarism Scanning, the appropriate studies are reviewed by the field editor and then forwarded to at least two expert referees within the scope of double blind review. If one of the two reviewers responds negatively, the manuscript is sent to a third reviewer. In order for the manuscripts submitted to our journal to be published, at least two referees must make a publishable decision.
• In articles evaluated within the scope of double blind review, the process is carried out in confidentiality. The information of the referees and authors is kept confidential.
• In cases where the referees request corrections, the relevant referee evaluations are sent to the author and the correction is requested. The corrected text is first checked by the field editor and then by the referee(s).
• The manuscripts that are decided to be published are prepared for publication by typesetting and layout.
• After the typesetting and layout processes are completed, the article is published in the journal.
NOTE: Click here for detailed information about the Article Evaluation Process.

Special Issue Publication Policy
A special issue can be published in our journal once a year upon the request of the Editorial Board. Manuscripts submitted for the special issue are first subjected to editorial pre-review, examined for compliance with the spelling rules and similarity scanning for plagiarism assessment. After these stages are evaluated, they are taken into the peer review process using the double-blind model. Articles whose referee process is completed are published after the completion of processes such as language control, typesetting and layout, just like other articles published in our journal. Articles submitted to our journal as a special issue must comply with the ethical principles and policies of our journal.

Copyright Policy
The authors own the copyright of their works published in our journal and their works are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0).
NOTE: Click here for detailed information about the Copyright Policy of our journal.

Open Access Policy
Articles published in our journal are published as open access under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) licence. The full texts of all published articles can be accessed by anyone via instant open access viewing at https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/tsed/archive  archive address.
NOTE: Click here for detailed information about the Open Access Policy of our journal.

Archive Policy
Articles published in our journal are digitally archived in LOCKSS. The full texts of all published articles can be accessed by anyone via instant open access viewing at https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/tsed/archive.
NOTE: Click here for detailed information about the Archive Policy of our journal.

Price Policy
Our journal is an open access journal, no fee is charged for the journal. No processing or submission fee is charged under any name for articles submitted to the journal or accepted for publication. Our journal does not accept sponsorship and advertisement in accordance with its publication policies. All expenses of our journal are covered by the publisher.
NOTE: Click here for detailed information about the Fee Policy of our journal.

All expenses of Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise are covered by the publisher. The publication of articles in the journal and the execution of article processes are not subject to any fee. No processing or submission fee is charged for articles submitted to the journal or accepted for publication. Our journal does not accept sponsorship and advertisements in accordance with its publication policies.